Labthrift Labthrift What to buy. What to skip. Why.

Written 1 Sep 2026. This is a how-to, not a product card. Buy links are not tagged yet.

Turn leftover-box tabs into leftover-box spaces

After leftover-box fmt, turn leftover-box tabs into leftover-box spaces with leftover-box expand so leftover-box practice notes (and leftover-box echo drills) line up without leftover-box tab stops jumping. You do not need extra leftover-box system software for this.

Reflow leftover-box paragraphs asked leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box with leftover-box printf 'hello world this is a long leftover-box practice line\n' | fmt -w 20. Tonight is leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box spaces: leftover-box expand. Expand means leftover-box turn leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box spaces leftover-box at leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops. Night one prefers leftover-box printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand so leftover-box the leftover-box letters leftover-box line leftover-box up leftover-box with leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box between leftover-box them, leftover-box safe leftover-box peek. Printf leftover-box prints leftover-box that leftover-box one leftover-box short leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line leftover-box once leftover-box (leftover-box \t leftover-box is leftover-box a leftover-box leftover-box tab). Expand leftover-box fills leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops leftover-box with leftover-box leftover-box spaces. That leftover-box is leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box fmt. Fmt leftover-box reflows leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box fill leftover-box a leftover-box width leftover-box (leftover-box words leftover-box stay leftover-box whole leftover-box when leftover-box they leftover-box can). Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. That leftover-box is leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box fold. Fold leftover-box hard-wraps leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column leftover-box width leftover-box (leftover-box can leftover-box split leftover-box a leftover-box word). Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box wrap. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. That leftover-box is leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box tr. Tr leftover-box changes leftover-box leftover-box characters leftover-box to leftover-box other leftover-box leftover-box characters. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box specifically leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box at leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops. That leftover-box is leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box cut leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box paste. Those leftover-box are leftover-box leftover-box columns. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces, leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box column leftover-box extract leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box side-by-side leftover-box join. Unexpand leftover-box is leftover-box the leftover-box inverse leftover-box (leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs). Skip leftover-box unexpand as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box that leftover-box is turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs. Unexpand leftover-box exists. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces. Column leftover-box (leftover-box pretty leftover-box leftover-box columns) leftover-box is leftover-box also leftover-box not leftover-box tonight — leftover-box no leftover-box leftover-box-column leftover-box page leftover-box yet. You are still only practicing in home. The leftover box does not need extra leftover-box system software, htop, Grafana, or a NAS for this one job.

Skip until SSH already works

SSH from the couch should already get you a prompt. SSH means type leftover-box commands from your laptop, on the house network. If leftover-box fmt is what you want (leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box fill leftover-box a leftover-box width), that is reflow leftover-box paragraphs. Fmt leftover-box reflows leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box fill leftover-box a leftover-box width. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. Skip leftover-box fmt as tonight's job — leftover-box fmt exists. If leftover-box fold is what you want (leftover-box hard leftover-box wrap leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column leftover-box width), that is wrap leftover-box long lines. Fold leftover-box hard-wraps leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column. Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box wrap. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. Skip leftover-box fold as tonight's job — leftover-box fold exists. If leftover-box tr is what you want (leftover-box change leftover-box characters leftover-box to leftover-box other leftover-box characters), that is change leftover-box characters. Tr leftover-box swaps leftover-box or leftover-box deletes leftover-box characters. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box specifically leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box at leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops. Skip leftover-box tr as tonight's job — leftover-box tr exists. If leftover-box cut leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box paste is what you want (leftover-box columns), that is pull one leftover-box column leftover-box or leftover-box join leftover-box columns side by side. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces, leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box column leftover-box extract leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box side-by-side leftover-box join. Skip leftover-box cut leftover-box and leftover-box leftover-box paste as tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box those leftover-box pages leftover-box already leftover-box exist. If leftover-box unexpand is what you want (leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs), skip leftover-box unexpand as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box that leftover-box is turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs. Unexpand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs, leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job. If leftover-box column is what you want (leftover-box pretty leftover-box leftover-box columns), skip leftover-box column as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box no leftover-box leftover-box-column leftover-box page leftover-box yet. If leftover-box rev is what you want (leftover-box reverse leftover-box characters leftover-box on leftover-box each leftover-box line), that is reverse leftover-box characters. Skip leftover-box rev as tonight's job — leftover-box rev exists. If leftover-box tac is what you want (leftover-box last leftover-box line leftover-box first), that is reverse leftover-box lines. Skip leftover-box tac as tonight's job — leftover-box tac exists. If leftover-box shuf is what you want (leftover-box mix leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box random), that is mix leftover-box lines. Skip leftover-box shuf as tonight's job — leftover-box shuf exists. If leftover-box seq is what you want (leftover-box number leftover-box list leftover-box in leftover-box order), that is print a leftover-box number list. Skip leftover-box seq as tonight's job — leftover-box seq exists. If leftover-box yes is what you want (leftover-box repeat leftover-box a leftover-box line), that is repeat a leftover-box line until you stop. Skip leftover-box yes as tonight's job — leftover-box yes exists. If leftover-box echo is what you want (print leftover-box words you type once), that is put a short line into a leftover-box file. Tonight leftover-box uses leftover-box echo leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box printf only leftover-box as leftover-box input leftover-box to leftover-box expand. Skip leftover-box echo as tonight's job — leftover-box echo exists. If leftover-box sort is what you want (put leftover-box lines leftover-box IN leftover-box A-to-Z leftover-box order), that is put leftover-box lines in order. Skip leftover-box sort as tonight's job — leftover-box sort exists. If leftover-box tail is what you want (leftover-box end leftover-box of leftover-box a leftover-box file), that is see the end of a leftover-box file. Skip leftover-box tail as tonight's job — leftover-box tail exists. If leftover-box cat is what you want (read leftover-box a leftover-box file leftover-box forward), that is read a leftover-box file without opening the editor. Skip leftover-box cat as tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box cat exists. Optional leftover-box aside: leftover-box cat -A leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box cat -T leftover-box can leftover-box peek leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box as leftover-box ^I. Keep leftover-box that leftover-box optional. Skip leftover-box cat -A leftover-box / leftover-box leftover-box cat -T as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. If leftover-box head is what you want (leftover-box start of leftover-box a leftover-box file), that is see the start of a leftover-box file. Skip leftover-box head as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job — leftover-box head exists. If leftover-box pipe is what you want (leftover-box send leftover-box as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job), that is send leftover-box output into another command. Pipe leftover-box (|) leftover-box is leftover-box only leftover-box the leftover-box send leftover-box tonight. Skip leftover-box pipe as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job — leftover-box pipe exists. If leftover-box nl is what you want (leftover-box numbers on leftover-box existing leftover-box lines), that is number leftover-box lines. Skip leftover-box nl as tonight's job — leftover-box nl exists. If leftover-box clear is what you want (leftover-box window wipe), that is clear the leftover-box window. Skip leftover-box clear as tonight's job — leftover-box clear exists. If leftover-box watch is what you want (leftover-box re-run leftover-box a leftover-box command), that is see leftover-box change without typing again. Skip leftover-box watch as tonight's job — leftover-box watch exists. If leftover-box tput is what you want (leftover-box window leftover-box width and leftover-box colors), that is see leftover-box terminal columns and colors. Skip leftover-box tput as tonight's job — leftover-box tput exists. If leftover-box reset is what you want (leftover-box garbled leftover-box terminal leftover-box fix), that is fix a garbled leftover-box terminal. Skip leftover-box reset as tonight's job — leftover-box reset exists. If leftover-box stty size is what you want (leftover-box window size), that is see leftover-box window size. Skip leftover-box stty as tonight's job — leftover-box stty exists. If leftover-box tty is what you want (leftover-box terminal name), that is see leftover-box terminal name. Skip leftover-box tty as tonight's job — that page exists. If leftover-box less is what you want (leftover-box pager; leftover-box q leaves), that is read a leftover-box file one screen at a time. Skip leftover-box less as tonight's job. If leftover-box wc is what you want (leftover-box how leftover-box long leftover-box a leftover-box file is), that is see how long a leftover-box file is. Skip leftover-box wc as tonight's job. Skip leftover-box stop after a few seconds. That is stop a leftover-box command after a few seconds. Skip leftover-box how long a leftover-box command took. That is see how long a leftover-box command took. If leftover-box date is what you want (clock read), that is see what time the leftover box thinks it is. Skip leftover-box date as tonight's job. If leftover-box cal is what you want (leftover-box month grid), that is see leftover-box month on a leftover-box calendar. Skip leftover-box cal as tonight's job. Skip leftover-box pwd as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is see which leftover-box folder you are in. Skip leftover-box password login off as tonight's job. That is turn off leftover-box password login once the key works.

What this is

expand means leftover-box turn leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box spaces leftover-box at leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops. You type leftover-box printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand. Printf leftover-box prints leftover-box one leftover-box short leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line leftover-box once leftover-box (leftover-box \t leftover-box is leftover-box a leftover-box leftover-box tab). Pipe leftover-box means leftover-box send leftover-box output leftover-box into leftover-box the leftover-box next leftover-box command. Expand leftover-box fills leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops leftover-box with leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box so leftover-box the leftover-box letters leftover-box line leftover-box up leftover-box without leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops leftover-box jumping. Night one prefers leftover-box printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand so leftover-box one leftover-box short leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line leftover-box shows leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box between leftover-box the leftover-box letters, leftover-box safe leftover-box peek. After leftover-box fmt, this is leftover-box turn leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces so leftover-box practice leftover-box notes (and leftover-box echo leftover-box drills) line leftover-box up leftover-box without leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops leftover-box jumping. You do not need extra leftover-box system software for this. It is not leftover-box fmt. Fmt leftover-box reflows leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box fill leftover-box a leftover-box width leftover-box (leftover-box words leftover-box stay leftover-box whole leftover-box when leftover-box they leftover-box can). Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. That is reflow leftover-box paragraphs. Skip leftover-box fmt as tonight's job — leftover-box fmt exists. It is not leftover-box fold. Fold leftover-box hard-wraps leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column leftover-box width leftover-box (leftover-box can leftover-box split leftover-box a leftover-box word). Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box wrap. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. That is wrap leftover-box long lines. Skip leftover-box fold as tonight's job — leftover-box fold exists. It is not leftover-box tr. Tr leftover-box changes leftover-box characters leftover-box to leftover-box other leftover-box characters. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box specifically leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box at leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops. That is change leftover-box characters. Skip leftover-box tr as tonight's job — leftover-box tr exists. It is not leftover-box cut. That is pull one leftover-box column. It is not leftover-box paste. That is join leftover-box columns side by side. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces, leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box column leftover-box extract leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box side-by-side leftover-box join. It is not leftover-box unexpand. Unexpand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs. Skip leftover-box unexpand as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box that leftover-box is turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs. Unexpand leftover-box exists. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces. It is not leftover-box column. Column leftover-box is leftover-box pretty leftover-box leftover-box columns. Skip leftover-box column as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box no leftover-box leftover-box-column leftover-box page leftover-box yet. It is not leftover-box rev. Rev leftover-box reverses leftover-box CHARACTERS leftover-box on leftover-box each leftover-box line. That is reverse leftover-box characters. Skip leftover-box rev as tonight's job — leftover-box rev exists. It is not leftover-box tac. Tac leftover-box reverses leftover-box LINE leftover-box order (leftover-box last leftover-box line leftover-box first). That is reverse leftover-box lines. Skip leftover-box tac as tonight's job — leftover-box tac exists. It is not leftover-box shuf. Shuf leftover-box mixes leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box random. That is mix leftover-box lines. Skip leftover-box shuf as tonight's job — leftover-box shuf exists. It is not leftover-box seq as leftover-box the leftover-box job. That is print a leftover-box number list. Skip leftover-box seq as tonight's job — leftover-box seq exists. It is not leftover-box yes. That is repeat a leftover-box line until you stop. Skip leftover-box yes as tonight's job — leftover-box yes exists. It is not leftover-box echo as leftover-box the leftover-box job. Echo prints leftover-box words you type once. That is put a short line into a leftover-box file. Tonight leftover-box uses leftover-box echo leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box printf only leftover-box as leftover-box input leftover-box to leftover-box expand. Skip leftover-box echo as tonight's job — leftover-box echo exists. It is not leftover-box sort. That is put leftover-box lines in order. Skip leftover-box sort as tonight's job — leftover-box sort exists. It is not leftover-box tail. That is see the end of a leftover-box file. Skip leftover-box tail as tonight's job — leftover-box tail exists. It is not leftover-box cat. That is read a leftover-box file without opening the editor. Skip leftover-box cat as tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box cat exists. Optional leftover-box aside: leftover-box cat -A leftover-box / leftover-box leftover-box cat -T leftover-box can leftover-box peek leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box as leftover-box ^I. Keep leftover-box that leftover-box optional. Skip leftover-box cat -A leftover-box / leftover-box leftover-box cat -T as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. It is not leftover-box head as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is see the start of a leftover-box file. It is not leftover-box pipe as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. Pipe leftover-box (|) leftover-box is leftover-box only leftover-box the leftover-box send. That is send leftover-box output into another command. It is not leftover-box uniq. That is drop leftover-box duplicate lines. It is not leftover-box nl. That is number leftover-box lines. Skip leftover-box nl as tonight's job — leftover-box nl exists. It is not leftover-box clear. That is clear the leftover-box window. Skip leftover-box clear as tonight's job — leftover-box clear exists. It is not leftover-box watch. That is see leftover-box change without typing again. It is not leftover-box tput. That is see leftover-box terminal columns and colors. It is not leftover-box reset. That is fix a garbled leftover-box terminal. It is not leftover-box stty size. That is see leftover-box window size. It is not leftover-box tty. That is see leftover-box terminal name. It is not leftover-box less. That is read a leftover-box file one screen at a time. It is not leftover-box wc. That is see how long a leftover-box file is. It is not leftover-box timeout. That is stop a leftover-box command after a few seconds. It is not leftover-box time. That is see how long a leftover-box command took. It is not leftover-box date. That is see what time the leftover box thinks it is. It is not leftover-box cal. That is see leftover-box month on a leftover-box calendar. It is not leftover-box pwd as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is see which leftover-box folder you are in. It is not leftover-box screen, leftover-box tmux, leftover-box script, leftover-box mesg, leftover-box wall, or leftover-box write as tonight's leftover-box job. Night one is leftover-box turn leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box on leftover-box one leftover-box short leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line, not leftover-box session school.

Practice leftover-box expand in home

SSH in. Make sure home is where you are sitting:

pwd

You want a path that ends in your login name. If not:

cd ~

Turn leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box on leftover-box one leftover-box short leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line leftover-box with leftover-box a leftover-box safe leftover-box peek (leftover-box night leftover-box one leftover-box job):

printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand

You want leftover-box letters leftover-box with leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box between leftover-box them leftover-box (leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops leftover-box filled leftover-box with leftover-box leftover-box spaces), then leftover-box the leftover-box prompt leftover-box back. Pipe leftover-box (|) leftover-box sends leftover-box printf leftover-box into leftover-box expand. That is enough for night one. Practice only in home.

Debian and Ubuntu leftover-box usually already have leftover-box expand (leftover-box coreutils, usual leftover-box install). Do not make leftover-box apt the leftover-box job. If leftover-box expand is somehow missing, leftover-box optional aside:

sudo apt install coreutils

Then stop. That leftover-box apt line is not the leftover-box lesson.

No leftover-box files are required for this practice. If you made leftover-box practice files anyway, throw them away with careful delete only. That is delete a leftover-box file carefully. Skip rm -rf.

Useful extras, still home only

Optional extra: leftover-box a leftover-box narrower leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box width leftover-box 4:

printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand -t 4

That leftover-box peek leftover-box fills leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops leftover-box every leftover-box 4 leftover-box leftover-box columns leftover-box instead leftover-box of leftover-box the leftover-box usual leftover-box 8. Do not leftover-box make leftover-box leftover-box expand -t 4 leftover-box required. Night one can leftover-box stay leftover-box on leftover-box leftover-box printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand.

Optional extra: leftover-box a leftover-box wordy leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line:

printf 'hello\tworld\n' | expand

That leftover-box peek leftover-box turns leftover-box the leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box between leftover-box hello leftover-box and leftover-box world leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. Do not leftover-box make leftover-box that leftover-box line leftover-box required.

Optional extra: leftover-box a leftover-box tiny leftover-box leftover-box home leftover-box file leftover-box then leftover-box expand ~/practice-note.txt if leftover-box you leftover-box already leftover-box have leftover-box save leftover-box output to a file leftover-box or leftover-box put a short line into a leftover-box file. Do not leftover-box make leftover-box the leftover-box file leftover-box required. Night one leftover-box can leftover-box stay leftover-box on leftover-box leftover-box printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand.

Optional extra: leftover-box expand leftover-box then leftover-box leftover-box head leftover-box the leftover-box first leftover-box leftover-box line:

printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | expand | head -n 1

That leftover-box peek leftover-box shows leftover-box only leftover-box the leftover-box first leftover-box leftover-box expanded leftover-box leftover-box line. Do not leftover-box make leftover-box leftover-box head leftover-box required. Head leftover-box is leftover-box not leftover-box leftover-box tonight's leftover-box leftover-box job.

Optional leftover-box aside leftover-box (not leftover-box the leftover-box job): leftover-box peek leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box as leftover-box ^I leftover-box with leftover-box leftover-box printf 'a\tb\tc\n' | cat -A leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box cat -T. Keep leftover-box that leftover-box optional. Skip leftover-box cat -A leftover-box / leftover-box leftover-box cat -T as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job.

Skip leftover-box huge leftover-box dumps as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job. Example leftover-box expand leftover-box of leftover-box whole leftover-box home, leftover-box or leftover-box expand leftover-box of leftover-box /etc leftover-box is leftover-box still leftover-box a leftover-box huge leftover-box dump. Night one is leftover-box one leftover-box short leftover-box leftover-box practice leftover-box line, leftover-box not leftover-box a leftover-box giant leftover-box file.

Skip leftover-box expand leftover-box piped leftover-box into leftover-box rm as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. Rm leftover-box deletes leftover-box files. Do not leftover-box mix leftover-box those leftover-box jobs. Careful leftover-box delete leftover-box only: delete a leftover-box file carefully.

Skip leftover-box unexpand as tonight's leftover-box job. Unexpand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs. That is turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces.

Skip leftover-box fmt as tonight's leftover-box job. Fmt leftover-box reflows leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box fill leftover-box a leftover-box leftover-box width. That is reflow leftover-box paragraphs. Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box reflow leftover-box — leftover-box it leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces.

Skip leftover-box fold as tonight's leftover-box job. Fold leftover-box hard-wraps leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column leftover-box width. That is wrap leftover-box long lines. Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box wrap.

Skip leftover-box rev as tonight's leftover-box job. Rev leftover-box reverses leftover-box CHARACTERS leftover-box on leftover-box each leftover-box line. That is reverse leftover-box characters.

Skip leftover-box tac as tonight's leftover-box job. Tac leftover-box reverses leftover-box LINE leftover-box order. That is reverse leftover-box lines.

Skip leftover-box shuf as tonight's leftover-box job. That is mix leftover-box lines.

Skip leftover-box seq as tonight's leftover-box job. That is print a leftover-box number list.

Skip leftover-box yes as tonight's leftover-box job. That is repeat a leftover-box line until you stop.

Skip leftover-box echo as tonight's leftover-box job. Echo prints leftover-box words you type once. That is put a short line into a leftover-box file. Tonight leftover-box uses leftover-box echo leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box printf only leftover-box as leftover-box input leftover-box to leftover-box expand.

Skip leftover-box sort as tonight's leftover-box job. That is put leftover-box lines in order.

Skip leftover-box nl as tonight's leftover-box job. That is number leftover-box lines.

Skip leftover-box tr as tonight's leftover-box job. That is change leftover-box characters.

Skip leftover-box cut as tonight's job. That is pull one leftover-box column.

Skip leftover-box paste as tonight's job. That is join leftover-box columns side by side.

Skip leftover-box tail as tonight's leftover-box job. That is see the end of a leftover-box file.

Skip leftover-box cat as tonight's leftover-box job. That is read a leftover-box file without opening the editor.

Skip leftover-box head as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is see the start of a leftover-box file.

Skip leftover-box pipe as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. Pipe leftover-box is leftover-box only leftover-box the leftover-box send. That is send leftover-box output into another command.

Skip leftover-box uniq as tonight's leftover-box job. That is drop leftover-box duplicate lines.

Skip leftover-box clear as tonight's leftover-box job. That is clear the leftover-box window.

Skip leftover-box watch as tonight's leftover-box job. That is see leftover-box change without typing again.

Skip leftover-box tput as tonight's leftover-box job. That is see leftover-box terminal columns and colors.

Skip leftover-box reset as tonight's leftover-box job. That is fix a garbled leftover-box terminal.

Skip leftover-box stty as tonight's leftover-box job. That is see leftover-box window size.

Skip leftover-box tty as tonight's job. That is see leftover-box terminal name.

Skip leftover-box less as tonight's job. That is read a leftover-box file one screen at a time.

Skip leftover-box wc as tonight's job. That is see how long a leftover-box file is.

Skip leftover-box timeout as tonight's job. That is stop a leftover-box command after a few seconds.

Skip leftover-box time as tonight's job. That is see how long a leftover-box command took.

Skip leftover-box date as tonight's job. That is see what time the leftover box thinks it is.

Skip leftover-box cal as tonight's job. That is see leftover-box month on a leftover-box calendar.

Skip leftover-box pwd as tonight's job. That is see which leftover-box folder you are in.

Skip leftover-box screen, leftover-box tmux, leftover-box script, leftover-box mesg, leftover-box wall, and leftover-box write as tonight's leftover-box job.

Skip leftover-box password login off as tonight. That is turn off leftover-box password login once the key works.

Skip leftover-box zip, tar, gzip, unzip, leftover-box du, leftover-box ping, and leftover-box curl as tonight's job. Those leftover-box pages already exist.

Skip leftover-box apt as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job. The leftover-box coreutils leftover-box aside leftover-box is leftover-box not leftover-box the leftover-box lesson.

Skip htop, top, Grafana, a monitoring box, and a NAS. Skip leftover-box screen, leftover-box tmux, leftover-box script, leftover-box mesg, leftover-box wall, leftover-box write, nohup, ps, kill, kill -9, jobs, and pkill as tonight.

Skip leftover-box files under /etc, leftover-box whole leftover-box /, SSH folders, leftover-box /dev as a leftover-box dump, other disks, USB sticks, and /srv as tonight's lesson. Practice only in home. Expand does not need leftover-box /etc or leftover-box / as leftover-box a leftover-box dump on night one.

What this is not

This is not leftover-box fmt. Fmt leftover-box reflows leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box fill leftover-box a leftover-box leftover-box width. Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs. Expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces. That is reflow leftover-box paragraphs. It is not leftover-box fold. Fold leftover-box hard-wraps leftover-box lines leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column leftover-box width leftover-box (leftover-box can leftover-box split leftover-box a leftover-box word). Expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box wrap. That is wrap leftover-box long lines. It is not leftover-box tr. Tr leftover-box changes leftover-box characters leftover-box to leftover-box other leftover-box characters. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box specifically leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box at leftover-box leftover-box tab leftover-box stops. That is change leftover-box characters. It is not leftover-box cut. That is pull one leftover-box column. It is not leftover-box paste. That is join leftover-box columns side by side. It is not leftover-box unexpand. Unexpand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs. Skip leftover-box unexpand as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box that leftover-box is turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs. Unexpand leftover-box exists. Expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces. It is not leftover-box column. Skip leftover-box column as leftover-box tonight's leftover-box job — leftover-box no leftover-box leftover-box-column leftover-box page leftover-box yet. It is not leftover-box rev. Rev leftover-box reverses leftover-box CHARACTERS leftover-box on leftover-box each leftover-box line. That is reverse leftover-box characters. It is not leftover-box tac. Tac leftover-box reverses leftover-box LINE leftover-box order (leftover-box last leftover-box line leftover-box first). That is reverse leftover-box lines. It is not leftover-box shuf. That is mix leftover-box lines. It is not leftover-box seq as leftover-box the leftover-box job. That is print a leftover-box number list. It is not leftover-box yes. That is repeat a leftover-box line until you stop. It is not leftover-box echo as leftover-box the leftover-box job. That is put a short line into a leftover-box file. Tonight leftover-box uses leftover-box echo leftover-box or leftover-box leftover-box printf only leftover-box as leftover-box input leftover-box to leftover-box expand. It is not leftover-box sort. That is put leftover-box lines in order. It is not leftover-box tail. That is see the end of a leftover-box file. It is not leftover-box cat. That is read a leftover-box file without opening the editor. It is not leftover-box head as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is see the start of a leftover-box file. It is not leftover-box pipe as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is send leftover-box output into another command. It is not leftover-box uniq. That is drop leftover-box duplicate lines. It is not leftover-box nl. That is number leftover-box lines. It is not leftover-box clear. That is clear the leftover-box window. It is not leftover-box watch. That is see leftover-box change without typing again. It is not leftover-box tput. That is see leftover-box terminal columns and colors. It is not leftover-box reset. That is fix a garbled leftover-box terminal. It is not leftover-box stty size. That is see leftover-box window size. It is not leftover-box tty. That is see leftover-box terminal name. It is not leftover-box less. That is read a leftover-box file one screen at a time. It is not leftover-box wc. That is see how long a leftover-box file is. It is not leftover-box timeout. That is stop a leftover-box command after a few seconds. It is not leftover-box time. That is see how long a leftover-box command took. It is not leftover-box date. That is see what time the leftover box thinks it is. It is not leftover-box cal. That is see leftover-box month on a leftover-box calendar. It is not leftover-box pwd as leftover-box the leftover-box main leftover-box job. That is see which leftover-box folder you are in. It is not leftover-box password login off. That is turn off leftover-box password login once the key works. It is not leftover-box screen, leftover-box tmux, leftover-box script, leftover-box mesg, leftover-box wall, or leftover-box write as the leftover-box job. It is not leftover-box huge leftover-box dumps as leftover-box the leftover-box job. It is not leftover-box expand leftover-box piped leftover-box into leftover-box rm. It is not leftover-box apt as leftover-box the leftover-box job. It is not a careful leftover-box delete. That is delete a leftover-box file carefully. It is not leftover-box extra leftover-box system software, leftover-box YubiKey, leftover-box camera, a monitoring app, htop, Grafana, or a NAS. It is not leftover-box /etc or leftover-box whole leftover-box /. It is not opening SSH to the internet so you can leftover-box turn leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces from a coffee shop. That is keep the leftover box on the house network. Do not forward port 22.

What next

Need leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box tabs? Turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs (unexpand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box spaces leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box tabs; leftover-box expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces). Need leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs leftover-box to leftover-box a leftover-box leftover-box width? Reflow leftover-box paragraphs (fmt leftover-box reflows leftover-box paragraphs; leftover-box expand leftover-box turns leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box into leftover-box leftover-box spaces). Need leftover-box hard leftover-box wrap leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column? Wrap leftover-box long lines (fold leftover-box hard-wraps leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column; leftover-box expand leftover-box does leftover-box not leftover-box wrap). Need leftover-box last leftover-box letter leftover-box first leftover-box on leftover-box each leftover-box line? Reverse leftover-box characters. Need leftover-box last leftover-box line leftover-box first? Reverse leftover-box lines. Need leftover-box mixed leftover-box lines? Mix leftover-box lines. Need leftover-box number leftover-box list leftover-box in leftover-box order? Print a leftover-box number list. Need leftover-box repeating leftover-box line? Repeat a leftover-box line until you stop. Need leftover-box change leftover-box characters leftover-box to leftover-box other leftover-box characters? Change leftover-box characters (tr leftover-box swaps leftover-box or leftover-box deletes; leftover-box expand leftover-box is leftover-box leftover-box tabs leftover-box to leftover-box leftover-box spaces). Need leftover-box words you type once? Put a short line into a leftover-box file. Need leftover-box send leftover-box as leftover-box the leftover-box lesson? Send leftover-box output into another command. Need leftover-box practice files gone? Delete a leftover-box file carefully. When key login is boring on every computer you use, turn off leftover-box password login once the key works. Keep SSH on the house network: keep the leftover box on the house network. Do not forward port 22.

Skip

Sources

Debian: expand(1). Ubuntu: expand(1). Official pages only. For leftover-box spaces leftover-box to leftover-box tabs, see turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs. For leftover-box reflow leftover-box paragraphs, see reflow leftover-box paragraphs. For leftover-box hard leftover-box wrap leftover-box at leftover-box a leftover-box column, see wrap leftover-box long lines. For leftover-box change leftover-box characters, see change leftover-box characters. For leftover-box reverse leftover-box characters, see reverse leftover-box characters. For leftover-box words you type once, see put a short line into a leftover-box file. For leftover-box send, see send leftover-box output into another command. For the login, see SSH from the couch.

Also on this topic

SSH from the couchType commands on the leftover box from your laptop, on the house network. Password login first. Do not open this to the internet. Reflow leftover-box paragraphsAfter leftover-box rev, reflow leftover-box paragraphs with leftover-box fmt so leftover-box practice notes (and leftover-box echo drills) wrap to a leftover-box readable width. You do not need extra leftover-box system software for this. Turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabsAfter leftover-box expand, turn leftover-box spaces into leftover-box tabs with leftover-box unexpand so leftover-box practice notes (and leftover-box echo drills) can go back to leftover-box tabs after leftover-box expand. You do not need extra leftover-box system software for this. Wrap leftover-box long linesAfter SSH works, wrap leftover-box long leftover-box lines with fold so they do not run off the leftover-box window. You do not need a file manager app for this. Reverse leftover-box charactersAfter leftover-box tac, reverse leftover-box characters on each leftover-box line with leftover-box rev so leftover-box practice words (and leftover-box echo drills) can be leftover-box last-letter-first. You do not need extra leftover-box system software for this. Put a short line into a leftover-box fileAfter SSH works, put one short line into a leftover-box file with echo so you do not need to open nano. You do not need a file manager app for this. Change leftover-box charactersAfter SSH works, change leftover-box characters with tr so you can swap or delete letters without opening nano. You do not need a text editor app for this. Send leftover-box output into another commandAfter SSH works, send leftover-box output into another command with | so a long dump does not flood the window. You do not need a file manager app for this. Delete a leftover-box file carefullyAfter SSH works, delete one leftover-box file with rm -i. Ask first. Skip rm -rf. You do not need a NAS for this. Turn off leftover-box password login once the key worksAfter the laptop key login is boring, tell SSH to stop accepting the leftover-box password. The key is how you get in. A keyboard on the leftover box is the backup now. Keep the leftover box on the house networkSSH and Pi-hole belong on the house network. Skip this if you never opened the router settings. Do not forward port 22.